European Food Safety Authority Releases Latest Batch Of Approved Food Health Claims June 30, 2011: 10:14 PM EST The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published on June 30, 2011, its fifth series of scientific opinions covering 536 "general function" health benefit claims for food products. Health claims evaluated by EFSA scientists include beneficial links between dietary fibers and blood cholesterol, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks and physical endurance, and low-sodium diets and blood pressure. EFSA disapproved health claims that the NDA Panel assessed were not specific enough, or involved food categories that were viewed as too extensive. News, EFSA, "EFSA publishes fifth series of evaluations of ‘general function’ health claims", EFSA, June 30, 2011, © EFSA

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“General Wellbeing” Foods/Beverages Are Booming In U.S. June 29, 2011: 10:32 PM EST Retail sales of  health and wellness foods and beverages in the U.S. totaled $153 billion in 2010, accounting for one fourth of global sales in the category, according to Euromonitor International. “General wellbeing” comprises the largest subcategory, accounting for 40 percent of U.S. health and wellness sales. Euromonitor says general wellbeing is popular because “it does not make any overt allusions to ‘disease’.” In fact, marketers of health and wellness products are advised to avoid mentioning disease because that “needlessly narrows down a potential mainstream audience to a select target group.” Weight management products remain the second largest sales category, but growth is stagnant; energy boosting products and products to improve digestion are being well received; but beauty-from-within foods and beverages have not yet caught on in the U.S. "Health and Wellness by Prime Positioning: The US", News release, Euromonitor International, June 29, 2011, © Euromonitor International

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Resveratrol Prevents Harmful Effects Of Lack Of Physical Activity June 29, 2011: 11:50 AM EST A study by French researchers has found that resveratrol curbs insulin resistance and prevents bone density loss associated with spaceflight weightlessness and lack of physical activity. Experiments with rats in which the weightlessness experienced by astronauts was simulated showed that animals who were not fed resveratrol lost soleus muscle mass and strength, developed insulin resistance, and lost bone mineral density and resistance to breakage. Animals who received resveratrol experienced none of these effects. “[Resveratrol] could thus be envisaged as a nutritional countermeasure for spaceflight but remains to be tested in humans,” the researchers concluded. I. Momken, et al., "Resveratrol prevents the wasting disorders of mechanical unloading by acting as a physical exercise mimetic in the rat", The FASEB Journal, June 29, 2011, © FASEB

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Analysis Of Clinical Trials Finds That Green Tea Lowers “Bad” Cholesterol Somewhat June 29, 2011: 09:56 AM EST A meta-analysis of 14 clinical trials in which participants either drank green tea or consumed green tea extracts from three weeks to three months found that green tea was associated with a lowering of HDL or “bad” cholesterol, but not with a rise in HDL cholesterol. Green reduced total cholesterol an average of 7.2 mg/dL compared to the placebo. Meanwhile, LDL dropped by a a mean of 2.2 mg/dL, about two percent. The researchers suggested the possibility that these reductions could be due to the presence of catechins in green tea, which lower absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Xin-Xin Zheng, et al. , "Green tea intake lowers fasting serum total and LDL cholesterol in adults: a meta-analysis of 14 randomized controlled trials", American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, June 29, 2011, © American Society for Nutrition

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New System Makes Measurements Of Food's Impact On Blood Sugar More Accurate June 28, 2011: 10:42 PM EST A Swedish researcher has developed a way to measure a food’s impact on blood sugar levels – the glycemic profile or GP – that provides a more accurate picture when combined with the glycemic index (GI) system because it takes the shape of the blood sugar curve into account. The flatter the curve over time the better the GP. Food that produces an even and reasonably low curve scores the highest GP values because it delivers energy for a long time. Using the GI system alone is inaccurate because it only takes into account short-term fluctuations in blood sugar. The best foods have a low GI and a high GP score. To calculate GP, blood glucose is measured for three hours after a meal, rather than two hours used in GI. Liza Rosén, "New measurement important complement to GI", News release, Lund University in Sweden, June 28, 2011, © Lund University

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More Frequent Meals And Bigger Portions Lead To Elevated Energy Intake Of American Adults June 28, 2011: 10:34 AM EST A study revealed that changes in eating and drinking occasions (EOs) and portion size (PS) are the main causes of changes in total energy (TE) intake of American adults over a period of 30 years. Researchers used cross-sectional data from the Nationwide Food Consumption Survey (1977–1978), Continuing Survey of Food Intakes of Individuals (1989–1991), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (1994–1998 and 2003–2006) for adults aged 19 years and above to analyze TE and its components (PS, EO, and energy density). Results showed an increase in TE intake and the number of daily EOs between 1977–1978 and 2003–2006, while average PS rose between 1977–1978 and 1994–1998. Kiyah J. Duffey, Barry M. Popkin, "Energy Density, Portion Size, and Eating Occasions: Contributions to Increased Energy Intake in the United States, 1977–2006", PLoS Medicine, June 28, 2011, © Duffey, Popkin

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Scientists Shed Light On Critical Role Played By Vitamin C In Central Nervous System June 29, 2011: 12:00 AM EST A multinational team of scientists has discovered that the nerve cells in the retina – and perhaps other cells of the central nervous system and brain – depend heavily on vitamin C to function properly. Researchers said special receptors in the brain, called GABA-type receptors, act as an inhibitory "brake" on excitatory neurons in the brain. These receptors in the retinal cells stop functioning properly when vitamin C is removed. It's likely that GABA receptors elsewhere in the brain also require vitamin C to function properly, researchers said. Because vitamin C is a major natural antioxidant, it may preserve the receptors and cells from premature breakdown. The researchers said the findings could have implications for other diseases, like glaucoma and epilepsy, which are caused by the dysfunction of nerve cells in the retina and brain. Cecilia I. Calero, et al., "Allosteric Modulation of Retinal GABA Receptors by Ascorbic Acid", The Journal of Neuroscience, June 29, 2011, © The authors

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Harvard Got It Wrong; Nutritious Potato Can Help Fight Obesity June 28, 2011: 04:28 AM EST A Harvard study that claims eating potatoes on a regular basis contributes to weight increase and was published by the New England Journal of Medicine failed to adequately study potato's dietary importance, according to an opinion from the Governor of Idaho. Results of the study covered by the Los Angeles Times and other media organization ignored potato's historical and practical contributions to human nutrition and survival. The United Nations declared 2008 as the International Year of the Potato in recognition of its nutritional value and environmentally-friendly cultivation. The potato contains 110 calories per serving, offers 620 grams of potassium (more than a banana), and provides up to 45% of the recommended daily value of vitamin C. Other studies over the years have highlighted the potato's nutritional characteristics, as well as its role in weight reduction. C.L. "Butch" Otter, "STUDY ASIDE, THE POTATO IS GETTING A BAD RAP", C.L. "BUTCH" OTTER GOVERNOR, June 28, 2011, © C.L. "Butch" Otter

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Sen. Durbin To Introduce Bill To Tighten FDA Regulation Of Dietary Supplements June 27, 2011: 09:51 PM EST Sen. Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) announced he will introduce a bill requiring the FDA to regulate the number of beverages and foods being marketed as dietary supplements, often taregting young adults. The Dietary Supplement Labeling Act would improve the information available to consumers and “curb the prevalence of drinks and foods that are masquerading as dietary supplements” that may contain potentially dangerous ingredients not approved by the FDA. Durbin said makers of dietary supplements that contain additives currently do not have to prove their products are safe before putting them on the market. A key provision of the bill is a requirement that the FDA define what a conventional food is so foods marketed as health aids could be better regulated. "Durbin to Introduce Legislation Designed to Protect Consumers of Dietary Supplements", Press release, Sen. Dick Durbin, June 27, 2011

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Norway Finds No Adverse Effects From Consuming Large Amounts Of Omega-3 Fatty Acids June 28, 2011: 09:49 AM EST Any adverse effects reported for taking large amounts of omega-3 fatty acid supplements are probably due to problems with the intake of oily substances, rather than with the intake of EPA or DHA, a Norwegian food safety (VKM) has ruled. The panel reviewed safety data on EPA and DHA , two forms of omega-3 fatty acids, finding that levels as high as 6.9 grams a day led to no unfavorable effects. Scientists looked at dosages and effects for an array of conditions such as bleeding times, lipid peroxidation, inflammation and immunity, glucose metabolism and gastrointestinal disturbances. “Negative health effects regarding gastrointestinal function … have been reported, but seem to be associated with intake of an oily substance” rather than with EPA or DHA,” the committee concluded. Livar Froyland, et al. , "Evaluation of negative and positive health effects of n-3 fatty acids as constituents of food supplements and fortified foods", Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM), June 28, 2011, © Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety

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Strawberry Flavonoid Reduces Complications From Diabetes June 27, 2011: 05:51 PM EST U.S. researchers have found that fisetin, a flavonoid that occurs abundantly in strawberries and in other fruits and vegetables, lessens complications of diabetes and could be used to treat other medical conditions. Earlier research has shown that fisetin promotes survival of neurons grown in culture and enhances memory in healthy mice. The new study demonstrates in a mouse model of type 1 diabetes that fisetin prevents both kidney and brain complications. Diabetic mice fed a fisetin-enriched diet remained diabetic, but acute kidney enlargement seen in untreated mice was reversed. High urine protein levels, a sign of kidney disease, also fell. Researchers said the therapeutic effect was associated with reduced levels of proteins known as advanced glycation end-products-or AGEs. Pamela Maher, et al. , "Fisetin Lowers Methylglyoxal Dependent Protein Glycation and Limits the Complications of Diabetes", PlosOne, June 27, 2011, © Maher, et al., Creative Commons Attribution License

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Studies Suggest That Dieters Using Sugar Substitutes May Be Getting The Opposite Result June 27, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Researchers who analyzed health and diet data from 474 participants in a longitudinal aging study found that diet soft drink consumption was associated with increased waist circumference in humans. A second study in mice found aspartame raised fasting blood sugar levels in diabetes-prone mice. Taken together, the studies suggest that people who turn to diet beverages and other foods containing sugar substitutes as a weight loss measure may be getting the opposite result. In the human study, diet soft drink users, as a group, experienced 70 percent greater increases in waist circumference compared with non-users. Findings of the animal syudy suggest that heavy aspartame exposure might potentially directly contribute to increased blood glucose levels, and increased risk of diabetes, the researchers concluded. Helen P. Hazuda, Ph.D., Ganesh Halade, Ph.D., et al., "Waistlines in People Glucose Levels in Mice Hint at Sweeteners Effects: Related Studies Point to the Illusion of the Artificial", Press release, The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio, June 27, 2011, © The University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio

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Omega-3-Rich Krill Oil Changes Expression Of Genes Associated With Fat Production June 25, 2011: 11:30 AM EST Researchers from a U.S. genomics company and a Norwegian supplier of krill oil report that a diet supplemented with omega-3-rich krill oil seems to control genes in the liver associated with cholesterol metabolism and the production of glucose and fat. Scientists fed three groups of lab mice either a normal diet with soybean oil, a normal diet plus fish oil and soybean oil, or a normal diet plus Aker Biomarine’s krill oil and soybean oil. After three months, the researchers assayed 20,118 genes, finding that 4,892 genes associated with obesity and insulin resistance were significantly changed in the krill oil group, but only 192 genes in the fish oil group. Further study is needed to determine “if the gene expression patterns observed in this study have effects on metabolic disease,” they concluded. J.L. Barger, et al., "Differential effects of krill oil and fish oil on the hepatic transcriptome in mice", Frontiers in Genetics , June 25, 2011, © Frontiers Media S.A.

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EC Proposes To Eliminate Classification Of “Diet” Foods From Current Food Laws June 24, 2011: 10:12 PM EST The European Commission is proposing to close loopholes in current EU legislation related to so-called diet foods because they allow food companies to circumvent tougher European legislation on nutrition and health claims. Specifically, the EU plans to delete the concept of diet foods  – which includes gluten-free food, slimming food and sports foods – from the books altogether because the term “results in an uneven playing food for food operators and unfair competition,” the EC said. The Commission said the new rules, if implemented, would not result in removal of products from the market. Diet foods would henceforth be covered by existing food laws. Moreover, food companies would have two years to make appropriate changes in labeling. "Commission to abolish notion of 'diet' foods", Press release, European Commission, June 24, 2011, © EuroActiv, EU

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Plant Foods Help Children And Adolescents Lower Risk Of Obesity June 24, 2011: 11:10 AM EST Regular consumption of plant foods may prevent obesity among children and adolescents, according to a study in the United States. Researchers used a non-quantitative food frequency questionnaire from the 1980 Child-Adolescent Blood Pressure Study to determine the link between the risk of being overweight and consumption of food groups. Results showed that the frequency of consumption of plant foods including grains, nuts, vegetables, and low nutrient-dense foods was inversely related to the risk of obesity. Also, researchers found that dairy consumption increased the risk. V.L. Matthews, M. Wien, J. Sabate , "The risk of child and adolescent overweight is related to types of food consumed", Nutrition Journal, June 24, 2011, © BioMed Central Ltd

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Vitamin E-Rich Palm Oil Boosts Good Cholesterol, Lowers Risk Of Heart Disease June 24, 2011: 11:53 AM EST Scientists in Malaysia have found that a six-month regimen of daily supplementation with tocotrienol-rich palm oil raised blood levels of HDL cholesterol among older adults just three months into the program. The vitamin E supplement improved the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol by as much as 14 percent compared to five percent in a placebo group. These findings indicate that vitamin E-rich palm oil could help lower the risk of cardiovascular disease, because increases in HDL cholesterol have been linked to a 22.5 percent reduction  in  cardiovascular events. S.F. Chin, et al. , "Tocotrienol Rich Fraction Supplementation Improved Lipid Profile and Oxidative Status in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Study", Nutrition & Metabolism , June 24, 2011, © Chin, et al.

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Extreme Weight Control Behavior In Adolescence Continues Into Adulthood – Study June 24, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Dieting adolescents who develop extreme weight control behaviors and binge eating are likely to continue these harmful activities into adulthood, U.S. research has found. The researchers analyzed data from a 10-year longitudinal study that examined eating, activity, and weight-related variables among more than 2,000 young people. Among females, the use of extreme weight control behaviors increased from 8.4 percent to 20.4 percent between early adolescence and early young adulthood and from 12.6 percent to 20.6 percent between middle adolescence and middle young adulthood. Extreme weight control behaviors among males increased from 2.1 percent in middle adolescence to 7.3 percent in middle young adulthood. The findings point to a need for “early and ongoing efforts aimed at the prevention, early identification, and treatment of disordered eating behaviors in young people," the researchers concluded. Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, et al., "Dieting and Disordered Eating Behaviors from Adolescence to Young Adulthood: Findings from a 10-Year Longitudinal Study", Elsevier, Inc., June 24, 2011, © American Dietetic Association

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Processed And Sugary Foods And Drinks Contribute To Long-Term Weight Gain June 23, 2011: 08:48 PM EST U.S. researchers who gathered data on lifestyle factors and weight gain from three different studies found that consuming less processed and sugary foods and beverages, getting more physical activity, watching less TV, and getting more hours of sleep at night all tended to contribute to a reduction in long-term weight gain. The data from the studies were collected over 12 to 20 years from more than 120,000 healthy, non-obese nurses and health professionals, many of whom gained weight during the study. Foods associated with the most weight gain included potato chips and other potato foods, sugary beverages, unprocessed and processed meats. The researchers recommended eating minimally processed foods such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts, and fewer highly processed foods, such as white bread, white rice, etc. Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., et al., "Changes in Diet and Lifestyle and Long-Term Weight Gain in Women and Men", NEJM Massachusetts Medical Society, June 23, 2011, © NEJM Massachusetts Medical Society

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Diet Rich In Vitamin A Reduces Abdominal Fat In Animal Study June 23, 2011: 06:13 AM EST Indian researchers who looked at the impact of dietary vitamin A on the activity of an enzyme that controls glucose metabolism have found that the vitamin reduced abdominal fat and overall body weight in obese rats. The animals in the study were fed either a vitamin A-enriched diet or a standard diet. At the end of the experiment, the researchers found that the vitamin A diet “significantly decreased body weight, visceral fat mass and 11b-HSD1 [the enzyme] activity in visceral fat of the obese rats.” The researchers suggested that further research is needed to understand how 11b-HSD1 activity is regulated by nutrients like vitamin A. The results of that research may lead to development of dietary therapies to prevent obesity and insulin resistance. Vara Prasad SS Sakamuri, et al., "Vitamin A decreases pre-receptor amplification of glucocorticoids in obesity: study on the effect of vitamin A on 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 activity in liver and visceral fat of WNIN/Ob obese rats", Nutrition Journal, June 23, 2011, © Sakamuri, et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

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Vitamin A Supplementation In Early Childhood Does Not Prevent Asthma Later In Life June 23, 2011: 10:26 AM EST Scientists in the U.S. and Nepal who analyzed data from two studies involving more than 5,000 children and pregnant women who took vitamin A supplements found that, after 15 years, the vitamin had no impact on whether asthma developed. In one study preschool children were given either vitamin A or a placebo. In the second study, one-third of the mothers took vitamin A before, during and after pregnancy, and one-third took no supplement. Ten to fifteen years later the researchers used questionnaires and tests to detect the presence of asthma. The results showed no difference between the groups of children, all of whom lived in a rural area of Nepal where chronic malnutrition is common. W. Checkley,et al. , "Supplementation with vitamin A early in life and subsequent risk of asthma", European Respiratory Journal, June 23, 2011, © European Respiratory Society

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Beetroot Juice “Shots” Deliver A Powerful Dose Of Antioxidants, Polyphenols – Study June 22, 2011: 10:24 AM EST Researchers in the U.K. have found that a 70 ml (2.4 oz.) “shot” of beetroot juice delivers a large number of bioavailable antioxidants and polyphenols “in a small convenient volume.” Beetroot contains pigments known as betalains that comprise betacyanins, betaxanthins and other healthful phenolic compounds. In addition to these biologically accessible antioxidants, beetroot contains nutrients such as potassium, magnesium, folic acid, iron, zinc, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, niacin, biotin, vitamin B6 and soluble fiber. Consuming beetroot juice offers a more convenient alternative to eating the vegetable, the authors wrote, adding that their findings “clearly demonstrate that antioxidants [in the beetroot juice] become more accessible following digestion than those in other vegetable juice products.” P.C. Wootton-Beard, et al. , "A beetroot juice shot is a significant and convenient source of bioaccessible antioxidants", Journal of Functional Foods, June 22, 2011, © Elsevier Ltd

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Study Finds One In Three Nestlé Employees In Sydney Lacks Vitamin D June 22, 2011: 09:33 PM EST One in three Australian office workers is lacking in vitamin D during the summer, according to a joint study by Nestlé and the University of Sydney. Results showed that 42% of the 104 male and female employees at the company's Australian headquarters had record low levels of the essential micronutrient by the end of winter. The findings alarmed the researchers, because vitamin D deficiency makes people more likely to suffer from reproductive health problems, muscle function disorders, and osteoporosis.  Nestle used the results to showcase its vitamin D fortified Sustagen and Nestlé Malted Milk Powder.  Press Release, Nestle, "Nestlé leads new research on vitamin D deficiency in office workers", Nestle, June 22, 2011, © Nestle

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Children Turn To Junk Food To Ease Stress, Boredom, Depression, Etc. June 21, 2011: 04:50 AM EST Many children and teens, especially females, overeat to ease stress, boredom and depression, according to a ten-year U.S. study. And they often become addicted to these unhealthy foods, making it difficult to lose weight or keep from gaining weight. The study involved 29,406 young people who ranged in age from eight to 21 years (ninety-four percent were females). Information was collected on a Web site through bulletin board posts, etc. Thirty-two percent of the participants said they chose sugar-sweetened beverages, junk food, and fast food when sad, depressed, stressed, nervous, lonely, tired or bored. The solution to the problem? “Taxation of sugar-sweetened beverages, and possibly junk food and fast food, and restriction of such outlets to children, would seem warranted and even embraced by some children.” Robert A. Pretlow, "Addiction to Highly Pleasurable Food as a Cause of the Childhood Obesity Epidemic: A Qualitative Internet Study", Eating Disorders, June 21, 2011, © Informa plc

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Study Shows Older Adult Americans Consume More Phytonutrients June 20, 2011: 06:46 PM EST Older adult Americans (65 years and older) consume more phytonutrients, such as carotenoids and flavonoids, from fruits and vegetables, according to the Nutrilite Health Institute's analysis of data from the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Older adults consumed 20% more carotenoid, 40% more flavonoids, and 80% more ellagic acid than their younger-adult counterparts. The study focused on 14 phytonutrients and covered a study population that included "non-pregnant, non-lactating" respondents who are 19 years and older. Respondents were asked to perform two dietary records based on NHANES criteria. Results showed that resveratrol intake among older adults was 50% higher compared with younger adults, while both age groups showed similar levels of lycopene intakes. Joanna Cosgrove, "The Quest for a More Colorful Plate - Nutrilite Health Institute finds older adults have a higher daily phytonutrient intake than younger adults", Nutraceutical World, June 20, 2011, © Rodman Publishing

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FDA Proposes Revamping Its System For Monitoring, Regulating Imported Goods June 20, 2011: 07:55 AM EST Reacting to the explosion of imported, FDA-regulated products, materials and ingredients, the agency has proposed reforms designed to better protect the health of American consumers. The problem is getting worse, thanks to rising productivity among Western economies, growing global demand for products, and faster and easier transfer of goods across borders. The four key reforms include partnering with international regulators, developing international data information systems and networks, developing an information gathering system focused on risk analytics, and working with public and private third parties and industry “to allocate FDA resources based on risk.” We can no longer rely on historical tools, activities and approaches,” said Acting Principal Deputy Commissioner of Food and Drugs John M. Taylor. "Pathway to Global Product Safety and Quality Report", Special report, FDA, June 20, 2011, © U.S. Food and Drug Administration

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Resveratrol Helps Seniors Deal Better With Old Age June 20, 2011: 11:45 AM EST A review of studies focusing on the effects of resveratrol on humans revealed that the polyphenol compound may not avert the onset of old age, but might help people to deal with it better. Many studies have focused on the anti-aging, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties of resveratrol; however, related human clinical tests are scarce since very few published human studies have focused on resveratrol's ability to achieve the physiological gains described in laboratory tests. James M. Smoliga, Joseph A. Baur, Heather A. Hausenblas, "Resveratrol and health - A comprehensive review of human clinical trials", Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, June 20, 2011, © WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

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Food Allergies Among U.S. Children Worse Than Previously Reported June 20, 2011: 09:19 PM EST A study has revealed that 8% of children in the United States have food allergies, considerably higher than previously estimated. Analysis of data gathered for 40,104 children showed that peanut, milk, and shellfish are the top allergen-linked foods. Age, geographic location, income, and race play significant roles in the odds of having food allergies. Researchers also observed discrepancies in food allergy diagnosis according to ethnic origin and family income level. Ruchi S. Gupta, MD, MPH, Elizabeth E. Springston, BA Manoj R. Warrier, MD Bridget Smith, PhD, Rajesh Kumar, MD, Jacqueline Pongracic, MD, Jane L. Holl, MD, MPH, "The Prevalence, Severity, and Distribution of Childhood Food Allergy in the United States", Pediatrics, June 20, 2011, © American Academy of Pediatrics

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Higher Folic Acid Intake During Pregnancy Does Not Cause Childhood Atopic Diseases June 20, 2011: 10:22 AM EST A study revealed that folic acid supplementation and higher intracellular folic acid (ICF) levels during pregnancy are not associated with atopic diseases, such as asthma and wheeze, in childhood. Researchers conducted multivariable logistic and linear regression analyses of data gathered via the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. They also defined folic acid use as standalone and multivitamin supplements based on the period of use before and during pregnancy. Results of the study showed that increased ICF levels during pregnancy slightly decreased risk for developing asthma. Fabienne J. H. Magdelijns, MSc, Monique Mommers, PhD, John Penders, PhD, Luc Smits, PhD, Carel Thijs, MD, PhD, "Folic Acid Use in Pregnancy and the Development of Atopy, Asthma, and Lung Function in Childhood", Pediatrics, June 20, 2011, © American Academy of Pediatrics

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Soluble Fibre Supplementation May Help Reduce Abdominal Fat June 16, 2011: 11:45 AM EST A study revealed that increased consumption of soluble fibre may help lower the amount of deep belly fat or abdominal fat that humans accumulate. Researchers examined possible links between lifestyle factors — such as smoking, physical activity, calorie intake, and fat intake — and five-year change in abdominal fat as measured by computed tomography in the Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis Family Study. Results showed that soluble fiber intake and vigorous physical activities were inversely related to change in visceral adipose tissue, but soluble fiber played no role in change in subcutaneous adipose tissue. K.G. Hairston, M.Z. Vitolins, J.M. Norris, A.M. Anderson, A.J. Hanley, L.E. Wagenknecht , "Lifestyle Factors and 5-Year Abdominal Fat Accumulation in a Minority Cohort: The IRAS Family Study", Obesity, June 16, 2011, © The Obesity Society

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Mango Helps Cut Body Fat And Control Body Fat In Mice June 15, 2011: 10:31 AM EST Adding mango to a diet can help lower body fat and control blood sugar, according to an animal study at the Oklahoma State University's College of Human Environmental Sciences.  Researchers looked at the efficacy of the Tommy Atkin, the variety most commonly available in the U.S., in moderating blood glucose and lipid levels in mice. Results showed mango lowers glucose and cholesterol levels and affects factors that play a role in fat metabolism, such as the circulating level of the hormone leptin. The research, which was funded by the National Mango Board, also pointed out that mango has a lot of nutrients and "bioactive compounds" that offer beneficial effects. Press Release, Nutritional Sciences in the College of Human Environmental Sciences at Oklahoma State University, "NSCI research finds health benefits in mangos", Nutritional Sciences in the College of Human Environmental Sciences at Oklahoma State University, June 15, 2011, © Nutritional Sciences in the College of Human Environmental Sciences at Oklahoma State University

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Regular Olive Oil Consumption Found To Protect Older People From Stroke June 15, 2011: 12:00 AM EST French scientists have found evidence that regular use of olive oil for both cooking and as a dressing can significantly reduce the risk of a stroke in older people. The researchers analyzed the medical records of 7,625 people ages 65 and older. None had a history of stroke. They categorized the subjects by no use of olive oil, moderate use (in cooking or dressing) or intensive use (in cooking and dressing). Over five years, those who regularly used olive oil for both cooking and as dressing had a 41 percent lower risk of stroke compared to those who never used olive oil. “These results suggest a protective role for high olive oil consumption on the risk of stroke in older subjects,” the researchers concluded. C. Samieri, et al., "Olive oil consumption, plasma oleic acid, and stroke incidence: The Three-City Study", Neurology, June 15, 2011, © AAN Enterprises, Inc.

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High-Protein, Low-Carb Diet Slows Tumor Growth, Reduces Risk Of Cancer June 14, 2011: 12:00 AM EST A Canadian study in mice has found that the risk of cancer is significantly reduced by eating a diet low in carbohydrates and high in protein. The researchers implanted different strains of human or mouse cancer cells in the mice, then fed them either of two diets. The Western-style diet comprised 55 percent carbohydrates, 23 percent protein and 22 percent fat. The other, which approximated the South Beach diet, comprised 15 percent carbohydrate, 58 percent protein and 26 percent fat. Tumor cells grew consistently slower on the high-protein diet, researchers found. And half of mice genetically engineered to breast cancer that ate the Western diet developed breast cancer in their first year of life. None of the high-protein diet mice developed cancer. V. W. Ho, et al., "A Low Carbohydrate, High Protein Diet Slows Tumor Growth and Prevents Cancer Initiation", Cancer Research, June 14, 2011, © American Association for Cancer Research

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Probiotic Reduces Food Transit Time, Improves Gastrointestinal Health June 13, 2011: 10:31 AM EST A multinational team of scientists who tested the effects of daily supplementation with a specific probiotic on 100 people found that Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 reduced the transit time of food through the intestines in healthy individuals by as much as 33 percent. The participants, whose mean age was 44, received either high or low doses or B. lactis HN019, or a placebo, for 14 days. The researchers said that both the low and high dose groups experienced improvements in nausea, vomiting, regurgitation, abdominal pain, flatulence, constipation and diarrhea. The researchers said that reducing gut transit time could over a long period of time significantly reduce the risk of various colorectal problems, including cancer. Philip A Waller, et al. , "Dose-response effect of Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 on whole gut transit time and functional gastrointestinal symptoms in adults", Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, June 13, 2011, © Informa Plc

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Food Names Tend To Fool Dieters Looking For Healthy Food Choices June 13, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Peoples’ perceptions of the healthfulness of food items varies with the name of the food, a University of South Carolina study among 520 participants has found. Dieters are especially vulnerable to being duped by food names that suggest “healthy,” compared to non-dieters. In the study, food items with healthy names such as “salad” were rated healthier than identical food items with less healthy names such as “pasta,” a phenomenon researchers referred to as “naming traps.” Non-dieters did not make such distinctions in their ratings. Dieters given a choice between the same candy labeled “fruit chew” and “candy chew,” for example, perceived the candy named fruit chew as more healthful. Researchers recommended that dieters should pay attention to nutritional information on food products and menus and ignore food names. Caglar Irmak, et al., "The Impact of Product Name on Dieters’ and Non-Dieters’ Food Evaluations and Consumption (Pub. date: August 2011)", Press release, Univ. of South Carolina, June 13, 2011, © Univ. of South Carolina

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Sleepiness During The Day Affects The Ability To Control Food Intake – Study June 13, 2011: 12:00 AM EST A study by Harvard Medical School researchers has found an association between daytime sleepiness and the ability of the brain to regulate eating. Twelve healthy men and women, ages 19 to 45, underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as they looked at pictures of high-calorie foods, low-calorie foods and control images of plants and rocks. All were also measured on a sleepiness scale. Results showed that greater daytime sleepiness was linked to decreased activation in the prefrontal cortex – a brain region important to inhibitory processing – when participants viewed the pictures of enticing, high-calorie food images. "Given the chronic level of sleep restriction in our society, such relationships could have epidemiologic implications regarding the current increase in obesity in westernized countries," one researcher said. William Killgore, Ph.D., et al., "Sleepiness May Impair the Brains Inhibitory Control When Viewing High Calorie Foods", Press release and presenation at the Associated Professional Sleep Societies LLC meeting, June 13, 2011, © APSS

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Low-Glycemic, Low-Sat-Fat Diet May Reduce Risk Of Alzheimer’s Disease June 13, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Older adults experiencing cognitive difficulties might be able to lower the risk of developing dementia that proceeds to Alzheimer’s disease by eating a low-glycemic diet that is also low in saturated fats, U.S. scientists have found. Researchers have known for some time that diet is linked to cognitive ability, but the impact of a specific type of diet on “pathological brain aging” has not been explored. For this study, involving older adults who were either healthy or memory-impaired, 24 participants followed a high-saturated fat/high-simple carbohydrate diet and 25 followed a low-saturated fat/low-simple carbohydrate diet. Findings indicated that “diet may be a powerful environmental factor that modulates Alzheimer disease risk through its effects on central nervous system concentrations of Aβ42, lipoproteins, oxidative stress, and insulin.” Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, et al., "Diet Intervention and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment", Archives of Neurology, June 13, 2011, © American Medical Association

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Lutein Protects Eye From Adverse Effects Of Exposure To Light June 12, 2011: 11:07 AM EST A study with mice by Japanese researchers revealed that Lutein supplements may help protect the eye from potentially damaging effects of strong light. Researchers analyzed the effects of light on the retinas of a group of Balb/c mice fed with a lutein-enhanced diet and another group fed a normal diet. Exposure to light increased the presence of γ-H2AX, a double-strand breaks (DSBs) marker in DNA, in photoreceptor cells. Lutein, however, eased this up-regulation. Also, lutein diet increased the expression of eyes absent (EYA), which supports DNA repair, and cells' health and survival. Mariko Sasaki, Kenya Yuki, Toshihide Kurihara, Seiji Miyake, Kosuke Noda, Saori Kobayashi, Susumu Ishida, Kazuo Tsubota, Yoko Ozawa , "Biological role of lutein in the light-induced retinal degeneration", Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry , June 12, 2011, © Elsevier Inc.

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OTA Disputes The Washington Times Op-Ed ‘Rant’ Against Organic Products June 9, 2011: 01:06 PM EST The Organic Trade Organization (OTA) has called an Op-Ed piece by David Mastio in The Washington Times a "biased, inaccurate and just plain irresponsible” attack against the organic food industry. OTA claims that Mastio is using misinformation and public hysteria over the recent Escherichia coli outbreak to attack organic food producers and points out that Federal food safety rules also cover the organic products industry and no evidence exist showing organic products are more at risk of E. coli contamination than chemically produced foods. It added that organic producers also have to meet third-party standards of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Organic Program, including emphasis on sanitation in the production process. Press Release Organic Trade Association, "OTA responds to "MASTIO: Dead bodies demand organic food moratorium" in The Washington Times", Organic Trade Association, June 09, 2011, © Organic Trade Association

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Very Low-Calorie Diet Reverses Type 2 Diabetes In Clinical Trial June 9, 2011: 10:54 AM EST An extremely low-calorie diet reversed Type 2, or adult-onset, diabetes in a clinical trial conducted in the U.K. All eleven people who participated experienced diminished symptoms of the disease –  a chronic condition caused by excessive glucose in the blood – by limiting their food intake to 600 calories a day for eight weeks. Their diet during the trial consisted of liquid diet drinks and non-starchy vegetables. Pre-breakfast blood sugar levels were normal after one week; eventually the pancreas recovered the ability to produce insulin and post-meal blood sugar levels improved. After two months, the volunteers returned to a normal diet. In a three-month follow-up of ten participants, seven were still free of diabetes. E. L. Lim, et al. , "Reversal of type 2 diabetes: normalisation of beta cell function in association with decreased pancreas and liver triacylglycerol", Diabetologia, June 09, 2011, © The Author(s)

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Consumption Of Whole Grains Not Linked To Prostate Cancer Risk June 9, 2011: 11:06 AM EST Researchers in Denmark could not find a link between greater consumption of whole grains and specific whole grain foods and the risk of prostate cancer. The prospective study looked at data from 26,691 middle-aged men (50 to 64 years old) who provided information about their diets and various risk factors associated with prostate cancer. Over 12 years of follow-up study, 1,081 prostate cancer cases occurred. But there was no statistical association found between prostate cancer risk and eating whole grains generally, or eating specific whole grain products such as rye bread and oatmeal, with the risk of prostate cancer. Egeberg R, et al. , "Intake of whole-grain products and risk of prostate cancer among men in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health cohort study", Cancer Causes and Control, June 09, 2011, © Springer

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Overconsumption Of High-Fat Diet Damages Weight Control Areas Of Brain June 9, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Overweight and obese people who consume a high-fat diet are at risk for damage to the cells in the brain that control body weight, researchers at the University of Washington have found in an animal study. The researchers fed groups of six to 10 rats and mice a high-fat diet for one day to eight months in an effort to determine the short- and long-term effects. Detailed analyses on the animals' brains found that the animals fed the high-fat diet gained weight, developed inflammation in the hypothalamus, the part of the brain containing neurons that control body weight, and other brain abnormalities. The authors suggested that neuronal damage resulting from overconsumption of the typical Western diet makes it difficult to achieve sustained weight loss. Joshua Thaler, M.D., Ph.D., et al. , "Eating a high-fat diet may rapidly injure brain cells that control body weight", Presentation and press release, The Endocrine Society meeting, June 09, 2011, © The Endocrine Society

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A Third Of American Vegetarians Call Themselves Vegan June 8, 2011: 12:29 PM EST Of the 7 million US vegetarians, around a third claim to be vegans. Celebrity vegans have helped drive the trend, as have the perceived health benefits of veganism, as well as ecological and animal welfare concerns. Food companies are developing vegan-friendly products like vegan pizzas and "good meat alternatives", such as vegan burritos, but some believe that vegan claims might deter those mainstream consumers who believe vegan food is tasteless. Vegan food is also attracting consumers with allergies. Laurie Budgar, "Veganism on the rise among health-conscious consumers", Natural Foods Merchandiser, June 08, 2011, © Penton Media Inc

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Compound Found In Apple Peels Wards Off Muscle Atrophy June 8, 2011: 12:00 AM EST U.S. researchers looking for a way to ward off muscle wasting that results from illness and aging have discovered that a compound found naturally in apple peels protects against atrophy and causes normal muscles to grow. When the compound, ursolic acid, was added to the diet of fasting mice, their muscles resisted the wasting effect of the minimal diet. When ursolic acid was given to normal mice, their muscles grew. In addition, mice given ursolic acid became leaner and had lower blood levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides. The researchers traced the effect to enhanced insulin signaling in muscle and to corrections in the gene signatures linked to atrophy. Steven D. Kunkel, et al., "mRNA Expression Signatures of Human Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Identify a Natural Compound that Increases Muscle Mass", Cell Metabloism, June 08, 2011, © Elsevier Inc.

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E. Coli Outbreak Is Hurting Produce Sales, But Effect On Organic Industry Will Be Temporary June 6, 2011: 11:37 AM EST A British analyst firm focusing on the organic industry says the recent E. coli outbreak in Europe that has killed 22 people and sickened more than two thousand others will probably have limited impact on organic devotees over the long haul. The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control traced a German farm and are analyzing 18 sprouts including bean and broccoli to determine if they’re the source of the outbreak. Amarjit Sahota, director of Organic Monitor, says sales of organic produce have taken a hit all over Europe  but he doesn’t expect the outbreak to hurt the organic industry in the long term. Organic buyers are more worried about health issues associated with traditional farming, he notes. Tony C. Dreibus, "E.Coli Won’t Have ‘Significant Impact’ on Organic Food Industry", Bloomberg, June 06, 2011, © Bloomberg

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Delaying Introduction Of Allergenic Foods To Young Children Has No Significant Benefit June 6, 2011: 11:12 AM EST Children from infancy through age four who were fed typical allergenic foods such as cow’s milk and peanuts were no more likely to show symptoms of allergies than children who were denied such foods, new Dutch research has found. The study tracked eczema and asthma symptoms of 7,000 children who were introduced to cow’s milk, hen’s egg, peanuts, soy and gluten before they were six months old. “This study does not support the recommendation for delayed introduction of allergenic foods after age six months for the prevention of eczema and wheezing,” the researchers concluded. Ilse I. M. Tromp, MSc, et al. , "The Introduction of Allergenic Foods and the Development of Reported Wheezing and Eczema in Childhood", Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, June 06, 2011, © American Medical Association

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Mother’s High-Fat Diet During Pregnancy Increases Risk Of Stillbirth – Study June 3, 2011: 12:00 AM EST Expectant mothers who eat a high-fat diet face an increased risk of their children being stillborn, a U.S. study has found. The study in macaque monkeys showed that a diet rich in fat decreases blood flow to the placenta, which provides nourishment to the fetus. The researchers observed 24 pregnant Japanese macaques whose diet consisted either of 32 percent calories from fat or 14 percent calories from fat over four years. The monkeys that ate a high-fat diet experienced a 38 percent to 56 percent decrease in blood flow from the uterus to the placenta, whether the monkeys were obese or slender. The risk of stillbirth was increased when the monkeys were obese with hyper-insulinemia, or pre-diabetes. A. E. Frias, et al., "Maternal High-Fat Diet Disturbs Uteroplacental Hemodynamics and Increases the Frequency of Stillbirth in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Excess Nutrition", Endocrinology, June 03, 2011, © The Endocrine Society

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Phenols In Strawberries Have Strong Anti-Inflammatory Effect June 2, 2011: 11:29 AM EST A U.S. clinical study has found that the phenols found in fruits like strawberries exert an anti-inflammatory effect in the body that could reduce the risk of a variety of medical conditions, including metabolic syndrome. Twenty-four obese subjects drank either a strawberry drink or a placebo while eating a high-carbohydrate, moderate-fat meal. A meal of this type tends to induce an inflammatory response, which has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and increased cardiovascular risk. Analysis of their blood revealed that plasma levels of two beneficial strawberry compounds rose significantly after drinking the strawberry drink with the meal. “Overall, these findings suggest beneficial effects that accrue from consumption of fruits that have a high phenolic content,” the researchers concluded. Indika Edirisinghe, et al. , "Strawberry anthocyanin and its association with postprandial inflammation and insulin", British Journal of Nutrition, June 02, 2011, © The Authors

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Phosphate Levels In Blood Linked To Heart Disease, Metabolic Syndrome June 2, 2011: 12:19 PM EST Scientists in the U.K. have discovered a link between dietary phosphate levels in the blood and both heart disease and insulin resistance. Cholesterol deposits in artery walls increase with a high phosphate diet, which includes foods like biscuits, cakes, sweets, dairy products and meats such as offal (organ meats, etc.) and veal. The researchers suggest that decreasing phosphate intake could reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, very low levels of phosphate in the blood increase insulin resistance (metabolic syndrome), which can also lead to heart problems and type 2 diabetes. “These data indicate for the first time that controlling dietary phosphate intake may influence development of both atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome,” the researchers concluded. T. Ellam, et al. , "Dietary Phosphate Modulates Atherogenesis and Insulin Resistance in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice", Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, June 02, 2011, © American Heart Association, Inc.

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Calcium Supplementation Associated With Small, But Significant Weight Loss June 1, 2011: 12:24 PM EST British scientists who analyzed the results of seven clinical trials found “a small, significant reduction in body weight” of about 1.5 kg a year associated with calcium supplementation. The researchers also found evidence that taking a one gram dose of calcium as a daily dietary supplement was associated with a two kg reduction in body fat per year. The researchers concluded that the evidence from the clinical trials shows that calcium supplementation “generates small, statistically significant weight loss in overweight and obese individuals.” However, they added, “the clinical relevance of this finding is uncertain.” I.J. Onakpoya, et al. , "Efficacy of calcium supplementation for management of overweight and obesity: systematic review of randomized clinical trials", Nutrition Reviews, June 01, 2011, © International Life Sciences Institute

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DASH-Guided Diet Helps Adolescent Girls Keep Off The Pounds June 1, 2011: 11:18 AM EST A study revealed that adolescent girls whose eating habits were patterned after the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) dietary guidelines gained less body mass index (BMI) over a 10-year period. Researchers used longitudinal mixed modeling techniques to assess the impact of DASH food groups and a DASH-compliance scale on BMI gains of 2,327 girls. Fruit and low-fat dairy intakes were lead indicators as BMI gain predictors, while whole grain was more weakly correlated with lower BMI gain. Jonathan P. B. Berz; Martha R. Singer; Xinxin Guo; Stephen R. Daniels; Lynn L. Moore, "Use of a DASH Food Group Score to Predict Excess Weight Gain in Adolescent Girls in the National Growth and Health Study", Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, June 01, 2011, © American Medical Association

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